Working Principle of Aluminum-Plastic Pyrolysis Oil Production Equipment

Working Principle of Aluminum-Plastic Pyrolysis Oil Production Equipment

The core of aluminum-plastic pyrolysis oil production equipment is to realize the separation of aluminum and plastic through pyrolysis in a high-temperature, oxygen-free/micro-negative pressure environment, and recover plastic oil, combustible gas, metallic aluminum and carbon black. Meanwhile, supporting environmental protection systems are equipped to ensure emission compliance. The detailed working principle is as follows:

Core Principle

Aluminum-plastic waste is heated under oxygen-free/micro-negative pressure conditions, and the plastic components (macromolecular polymers) undergo thermal decomposition with broken molecular chains, generating oil gas and pyrolysis gas. Aluminum remains solid due to its high melting point, achieving the separation and resource recovery of aluminum and plastic.

Working Process

Raw Material Pretreatment: Crush aluminum-plastic waste and remove impurities to facilitate feeding and pyrolysis, and improve efficiency and product purity.

Feeding and Sealing: The pretreated aluminum-plastic waste is fed into the pyrolysis reactor by an automatic feeder, and the furnace door is closed to ensure an oxygen-free/micro-negative pressure environment inside the furnace, creating conditions for the pyrolysis reaction.

High-Temperature Pyrolysis: The burner heats the furnace chamber and raises the temperature gradually. Pyrolysis gas starts to generate at about 150℃, the main oil gas production range is 350-380℃, and the final temperature is usually controlled at 450-550℃. Plastic components are converted into oil gas, pyrolysis gas and carbon black, while aluminum remains solid, forming aluminum lumps or aluminum residue.

Oil-Gas Condensation: Oil gas first enters a gas separation drum/surge tank to buffer the flow rate and settle impurities, preventing residue oil from blocking the rear end. Heavy oil and a small amount of residue precipitate into the heavy oil storage tank, and light oil gas enters the condensation system (vertical + horizontal condensers, etc.), which is condensed into liquid oil under the action of circulating cooling water and then stored in the light oil tank.

Tail Gas Treatment and Reuse: Non-condensable pyrolysis gas (C1-C4 hydrocarbons) is treated by desulfurization and deodorization devices, then returned to the furnace chamber as fuel to realize energy recycling.

Slag Discharging and Separation: After the reaction is completed and the furnace temperature drops to a safe range, the mixture of aluminum lumps and carbon black is discharged. The metallic aluminum and carbon black are separated and recycled respectively through simple processes such as screening.

Environmental Protection Treatment: Supporting flue gas purification devices are used to treat the flue gas generated by combustion, and desulfurization towers and other equipment ensure the up-to-standard discharge of tail gas. Wastewater is recycled or discharged up to standard after treatment, and hazardous waste is disposed of by qualified entities.

Core Equipment Components

Pyrolysis reactor: The core component that provides a high-temperature, oxygen-free/micro-negative pressure environment, determining the safety and service life of the equipment.

Feeding system: An automatic feeder that realizes continuous/batch feeding and furnace door sealing.

Condensation system: Gas separation drum, condenser, oil-water separator, etc., which complete the condensation and separation of oil gas.

Tail gas and flue gas purification device: Desulfurization and deodorization equipment, water seal, flue gas treatment equipment, ensuring environmental protection compliance.

Slag discharging and separation system: Slag discharging device and screening equipment, realizing the separation and recovery of aluminum and carbon black.