Other Safety Assurance Equipment for the Pyrolysis Section of an Oil Sludge Pyrolysis Refinery

Other Safety Assurance Equipment for the Pyrolysis Section of an Oil Sludge Pyrolysis Refinery (excluding the Nitrogen Protection System)

In addition to the nitrogen protection system, the other core safety assurance equipment for the pyrolysis section of an oil sludge pyrolysis refinery is designed around five key risk prevention and control objectives: overpressure prevention, abnormal temperature and pressure monitoring, leakage early warning, fire disposal, and emergency interlocking, and is adapted to the oxygen-free and high-temperature pyrolysis operating conditions. The specific equipment and their functions are as follows:

Pressure safety valve + emergency vent device

When the furnace internal pressure exceeds the safety threshold, the safety valve automatically opens to relieve pressure, and the matched vent device guides high-temperature oil and gas to a safe area (e.g., a flare) for treatment. This prevents furnace damage and fire/explosion caused by oil-gas leakage due to overpressure, and avoids secondary accidents from the direct diffusion of pressure relief substances.

Online temperature & pressure monitoring and interlock alarm system

Equipped with high-precision thermocouples and pressure transmitters for real-time monitoring of furnace temperature and pressure. An audible and visual alarm is triggered immediately when parameters exceed the standard, and the system can interlock with the feeding, heating and induced draft systems to automatically cut off feeding and stop heating, achieving automatic emergency shutdown under abnormal working conditions and terminating dangerous reactions at the source.

Oil-gas leakage detection and emergency device

Oil-gas detectors are installed at sealed parts such as furnace flanges, pipeline joints, and feeding/slag discharge ports for real-time monitoring of leakage concentration. When the concentration exceeds the standard, an alarm is issued quickly, and the system interlocks to turn on local exhaust and cut off nearby fire sources, preventing fire and explosion caused by leaked flammable oil-gas contacting open fire.

Special fire fighting and extinguishing system

Dry powder and carbon dioxide fire extinguishing devices (adapted to the characteristics of oil-gas fires, water fire fighting is strictly prohibited) are configured around the furnace body and key pipe racks. Flame and temperature detectors are installed in core areas to achieve rapid fire detection and linked fire extinguishing. Fire dikes are also equipped to prevent fire spread.

Emergency vent and flare system

In case of major faults (e.g., furnace leakage, system out of control), the emergency vent valve can be opened manually or automatically to send flammable oil-gas in the furnace to the flare system for complete combustion before discharge, avoiding the formation of explosion hazards from the direct emission of large amounts of untreated oil-gas into the atmosphere.

Mechanical seal and inert gas sealing device

Dual mechanical seals are adopted for dynamic seal parts such as feeders and slag dischargers, and a small amount of nitrogen is introduced to form a sealing gas curtain. This not only prevents oil-gas in the furnace from leaking through seal gaps, but also avoids external air infiltration into the furnace to form an explosive mixture with oil-gas.

Emergency exhaust and negative pressure protection system

A closed negative pressure operation area is set up in the pyrolysis section, with supporting emergency exhaust fans. In the event of oil-gas leakage, the exhaust system is activated immediately to extract the leaked gas to the waste gas treatment system for purification, maintain negative pressure in the area, and prevent flammable oil-gas from accumulating to the explosion limit.

Emergency Shutdown (ESD) interlock system

As the section-level central safety control equipment, it can receive signals from all safety devices such as temperature/pressure monitors, leakage detectors, fire alarms and overpressure protectors. In case of extreme dangerous working conditions, it can cut off the feeding, heating and gas supply of the entire section with one key, and interlock to activate pressure relief, nitrogen protection and other devices to achieve system-level emergency shutdown and minimize accident losses.