The Reactor Vessel Body of Batch-Type Pyrolysis Oil Refining Equipment

The Reactor Vessel Body of Batch-Type Pyrolysis Oil Refining Equipment

The reactor vessel body of a batch-type pyrolysis oil refining equipment is the core carrying component for pyrolysis reactions, as well as the fundamental carrier for the implementation of the equipment’s core technologies. Its material and structural design directly determine the stability of the oxygen-free pyrolysis environment, heat transfer efficiency, and uniformity of material pyrolysis, exerting a key influence on the equipment’s oil yield, operational safety, and service life.

Material Selection: High Temperature and Corrosion Resistance as Core Requirements

The reactor vessel operates long-term under high-temperature (0–500℃) and slight negative pressure conditions. Moreover, acidic and corrosive gases are generated during the pyrolysis process. Therefore, the vessel body must be made of high-temperature-resistant stainless steel (e.g., 310S stainless steel) or alloy materials. Such materials offer excellent oxidation resistance, high-temperature creep resistance, and corrosion resistance, which can prevent high-temperature deformation and corrosion leakage of the vessel body, thus ensuring the stability of the oxygen-free pyrolysis environment. If the material lacks sufficient heat resistance, local deformation of the vessel body will occur, damaging the sealing effect and leading to air infiltration and oxidative combustion of materials.

Structural Design: Determining Heat Transfer and Uniformity of Material Pyrolysis

Vessel Body Structure: It usually adopts a cylindrical design with arc-shaped heads, which not only enhances structural strength but also minimizes heat dead zones. The outer side of the vessel body is equipped with a multi-layer thermal insulation layer (e.g., aluminum silicate fiber + rock wool) to reduce heat loss and assist the temperature control system in achieving precise gradient temperature control.

Internal Structure Optimization: The interior of the vessel is generally fitted with guide plates or low-speed stirring paddles. The former guides high-temperature gas to flow evenly through the material layer, while the latter gently agitates the materials, avoiding excessive coking or insufficient pyrolysis caused by localized overheating. This design serves as an important supporting component for the precision gradient temperature control technology, enabling more uniform temperature distribution inside the furnace and improving oil-gas yield.

Feeding and Slagging Interface Design: The feeding port and slagging port must be linked with sealed valves to ensure airtightness during batch operations, preventing air ingress. Together with the furnace door seal, they jointly maintain the oxygen-free environment.

Impact on Core Technologies

The reactor vessel body is the direct carrier of oxygen-free pyrolysis technology and precision temperature control technology. Substandard material quality or sealing structure will directly damage the oxygen-free environment, leading to pyrolysis failure. Irrational internal structural design will result in uneven heat transfer, rendering the parameter settings of gradient temperature control meaningless and causing localized coking of materials and reduced oil yield. Meanwhile, the structural strength of the vessel body determines the safe operating threshold of the equipment, effectively resisting pressure fluctuations under high-temperature conditions and reducing the risk of deflagration.