Components of Batch-Type Pyrolysis Oil Refining Equipment

Components of Batch-Type Pyrolysis Oil Refining Equipment

Batch-type pyrolysis oil refining equipment is designed for batch feeding and discharging processes, featuring a compact structure and flexible operation, ideal for small-to-medium capacity requirements (e.g., 5-20 tons of daily processing volume). Its components are divided into five major modules according to the process flow:

1. Preprocessing System

The preprocessing system of batch-type equipment has a relatively low degree of automation, mainly relying on standalone operations. Its core components include:

Crushing Equipment: Crushers and shear-type crushers, used to crush raw materials such as waste tires and waste plastics into small pieces.

Manual/Semi-Manual Feeding Equipment: Forklifts, crane hoppers or screw feeders are mostly adopted to manually feed raw materials into the pyrolysis reactor in batches. Continuous quantitative conveying devices are not required.

2. Pyrolysis System

As the core of batch-type equipment, a single pyrolysis reactor independently completes the pyrolysis reaction of one batch. Its core components include:

Batch-Type Pyrolysis Reactor: The mainstream type is a horizontal rotary reactor (some are vertical fixed reactors). It is made of high-temperature-resistant alloy steel plates (e.g., Q345R boiler steel with refractory lining). The reactor body can operate under sealed pressure or normal pressure, equipped with gas/coal-fired burners for heating, and the internal temperature of the reactor is controlled at 360-420℃. The rotating reactor body enables raw materials to tumble and be heated evenly, reducing local coking.

Reactor Door and Sealing Device: A manually or hydraulically driven sealed reactor door ensures an oxygen-free environment inside the reactor during pyrolysis. After the reaction is completed, the door is opened to clean the carbon black.

Carbon Black Cleaning Device: After the reaction is finished, the residual carbon black in the reactor is discharged in batches through manual raking or a small screw discharger. A continuous discharging system is not required.

3. Condensation System

Adopting a batch-type condensation design with a simple structure, its components include:

Shell-and-Tube Condenser: Cooled by circulating water (lowering the temperature to 120-180℃ to separate heavy oil), eliminating the need for complex automatic temperature adjustment.

Oil-Gas Separator: A small vertical separator that achieves gas-liquid separation through gravity. The liquid oil flows into the oil storage tank, while the unliquefied combustible gas is temporarily stored in a gas holder or directly sent to the combustion system.

Oil Storage Tank: Small horizontal storage tanks, used to store different types of oil products (heavy oil and light oil) separately, equipped with simple liquid level gauges.

4. Tail Gas Treatment and Utilization System

Tailored to the characteristics of batch-type gas production, its core components include:

Simple Purification Device: Small desulfurization tanks (filled with desulfurizing agents) and bag filters, used to remove hydrogen sulfide and dust from the tail gas to meet basic environmental protection requirements.

Tail Gas Burner: The purified combustible gas is directly sent to the burner of the pyrolysis reactor as heating fuel, reducing operation costs. Excess tail gas during the reaction interval is discharged through torch combustion.

Spray Tower (Optional): A small water spray tower that further absorbs residual oil and gas in the tail gas to improve purification efficiency.

5. Control System

With a lower degree of automation than continuous-type equipment, it is mainly based on manual + semi-automatic control. Its core components include:

Temperature Control Instruments: Thermocouple thermometers and digital display temperature controllers. The furnace temperature is set manually, and the firepower of the burner is adjusted to control the temperature, without complex PLC programs.

Pressure Monitoring Device: Pressure gauges and safety valves, which monitor the internal pressure of the reactor in real time and automatically release pressure when the pressure exceeds the limit to ensure safety.

Manual Operation Panel: Equipped with buttons for heating start/stop, reactor body rotation (if applicable), cooling water pump start/stop, etc., without automatic interlock control.